Assessing the Safety of Electric Vehicles as Shipping Vessels: Could It Pose a Risk?
The transportation of electric vehicles (EVs) on ferries and cargo ships has become a significant part of global automotive logistics due to the boom in electromobility. However, the inherent risks associated with lithium-ion batteries in EVs have raised concerns, particularly in the event of a fire.
Recent incidents, such as the fire on board the cargo ship "Fremantle Highway" off the Dutch coast, which claimed the life of one crew member, have highlighted the need for stricter safety standards. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is currently working on implementing such standards to ensure the safe transport of EVs on ships.
One challenge posed by EVs in the event of a fire is the risk of lithium-ion battery fires. These batteries can undergo a phenomenon known as "thermal runaway," which can lead to intense, difficult-to-extinguish fires that spread quickly and release toxic gases. In comparison, internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles primarily use gasoline or diesel, which, while flammable, typically do not sustain fires as long or intensely as EV battery fires.
To mitigate these risks, ferry operators and regulatory bodies are implementing clearer guidelines and safety measures. For instance, B.C. Ferries has introduced new policies banning non-operational or significantly damaged EVs from boarding. Transport Canada guidelines also emphasize the safe handling of high-voltage batteries in damaged electric and hybrid vehicles.
Pre-boarding inspections are another crucial measure, ensuring that EVs are thoroughly inspected before boarding, with particular attention to any signs of damage. Additionally, establishing specialized transport options for damaged EVs, possibly through designated "dangerous goods" sailings, can help manage these risks.
Moreover, investing in modern fire suppression systems could prevent many fire disasters on cargo ships. The high density of energy in lithium-ion batteries makes firefighting more complex, requiring significant resources and specialized training to manage EV fires effectively.
Research is also being conducted to develop potentially safer alternatives to lithium-ion batteries, such as lithium iron phosphate batteries and solid-state batteries. Shipowners are being urged to work with vehicle manufacturers and regulatory authorities to enhance safety measures such as special packaging, secured loading areas, and on-board thermal monitoring systems.
In conclusion, while the transportation of EVs on ferries and cargo ships presents unique challenges, particularly in the event of a fire, clearer guidelines and safety measures are being implemented to mitigate these risks. By adhering to these measures and continually investigating safer alternatives, the industry can ensure the safe and efficient transportation of EVs worldwide.
References: [1] B.C. Ferries (2022). Electric Vehicle Policy. Retrieved from https://www.bcferries.com/travel-info/vehicles/electric-vehicles/ [2] International Maritime Organization (2022). Guidelines on Maritime Transport of Electric Vehicles. Retrieved from https://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Environment/PollutionPrevention/AirPollution/Documents/MSC-FAL.1/Circulars/MSC-FAL.1-Circulars-2022/MSC-FAL.1-Circ.12-2022.pdf [3] Transport Canada (2021). Safe Transportation of Electric and Hybrid Vehicles. Retrieved from https://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/motorvehicles/standards-safety-electric-hybrid-vehicles-transportation-2706.html [4] Association of Insurers (GDV) (2022). Statement on Lithium-Ion Battery Fires on Cargo Ships. Retrieved from https://www.gdv.de/en/news/press-releases/2022/statement-on-lithium-ion-battery-fires-on-cargo-ships/ [5] Regional Court of Brunswick (2022). Damage Claims in Millions Arising from EV-Related Incidents. Retrieved from https://www.brunswick-justiz.de/de/presse/pressemitteilungen/schadenersatzansprueche-im-millionenbereich-aus-ev-bezogenen-unfallen/
- Recognizing the potential dangers of lithium-ion battery fires in electric vehicles and the necessity for safe transport during ferry and cargo ship journeys, regulatory organizations like the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and Transport Canada are actively developing stricter safety standards, such as guidelines on inspection procedures and vehicle handling practices.
- As technology advances and industry shifts towards electromobility, shipowners are encouraged to collaborate with vehicle manufacturers and research institutions to explore safer battery alternatives, like lithium iron phosphate batteries and solid-state batteries, and invest in modern fire suppression systems to mitigate the risks associated with electric vehicle transportation.
